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PDF Download of Class 10 Science Chapter 1 in Hindi Medium: NCERT Book and Sample Papers


Class 10 Science Chapter 1 in Hindi Medium PDF Download




Class 10 Science Chapter 1 is one of the most important chapters in the CBSE syllabus. It deals with the topic of chemical reactions and equations, which are the basis of chemistry and many other fields of science. In this chapter, you will learn about the different types of chemical reactions, their characteristics, and how to write and balance chemical equations. You will also learn about the effects of unbalanced chemical equations on the environment and human health.




class 10 science chapter 1 in hindi medium pdf download



If you are looking for a PDF download of this chapter in Hindi medium, you have come to the right place. In this article, we will provide you with a link to download the NCERT book for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 in Hindi medium for free. You can also access other useful resources such as NCERT solutions, notes, important questions, MCQs, etc. from our website.


To download the PDF of Class 10 Science Chapter 1 in Hindi medium, click on the link below:


Chemical Reactions and Equations




Definition and examples of chemical reactions




A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances (called reactants) are changed into one or more new substances (called products). The atoms of the reactants are rearranged in a chemical reaction, resulting in the formation of different substances with different properties.


For example, when magnesium ribbon is burnt in air, it reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide, which is a white ash. This is a chemical reaction because a new substance (magnesium oxide) is formed from the original substances (magnesium and oxygen).


Another example of a chemical reaction is the rusting of iron. When iron is exposed to moist air, it reacts with oxygen and water to form iron oxide, which is a brown substance. This is also a chemical reaction because a new substance (iron oxide) is formed from the original substances (iron, oxygen, and water).


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Types of chemical reactions




There are many types of chemical reactions, but some of the common ones are:


Combination reactions




A combination reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a single substance. The general form of a combination reaction is:


A + B AB


For example, when hydrogen gas and chlorine gas are mixed, they combine to form hydrogen chloride gas.


H2(g) + Cl2(g) 2HCl(g)


Decomposition reactions




A decomposition reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which a single substance breaks down into two or more simpler substances. The general form of a decomposition reaction is:


AB A + B


For example, when calcium carbonate (limestone) is heated strongly, it decomposes into calcium oxide (quicklime) and carbon dioxide gas.


CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)


Displacement reactions




A displacement reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its compound. The general form of a displacement reaction is:


A + BC AC + B


For example, when zinc metal is added to copper sulphate solution, zinc displaces copper from its compound and forms zinc sulphate solution and copper metal.


Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)


Double displacement reactions




A double displacement reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which two compounds exchange their ions to form two new compounds. The general form of a double displacement reaction is:


AB + CD AD + CB


For example, when sodium sulphate solution and barium chloride solution are mixed, they exchange their ions and form barium sulphate precipitate and sodium chloride solution.


Na2SO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq) BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)


Oxidation and reduction reactions




An oxidation and reduction reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which one substance loses electrons (oxidation) and another substance gains electrons (reduction). The substance that loses electrons is called the reducing agent, and the substance that gains electrons is called the oxidizing agent. The general form of an oxidation and reduction reaction is:


A + B A + B


For example, when copper oxide is heated with hydrogen gas, copper oxide loses oxygen (oxidation) and hydrogen gas gains oxygen (reduction). Copper oxide is the oxidizing agent and hydrogen gas is the reducing agent.


CuO(s) + H2(g) Cu(s) + H2O(g)


Characteristics of chemical reactions




Chemical reactions are accompanied by some observable changes that indicate that a new substance has been formed. Some of the common characteristics of chemical reactions are:


Evolution of gas




Sometimes, a chemical reaction produces a gas as one of the products. The gas can be seen as bubbles or fumes coming out of the reaction mixture. For example, when vinegar (acetic acid) is added to baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), carbon dioxide gas is evolved.


CH3COOH(aq) + NaHCO3(s) CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)


Change in temperature




Sometimes, a chemical reaction releases or absorbs heat energy from the surroundings. This causes a change in the temperature of the reaction mixture. For example, when magnesium ribbon is burnt in air, heat energy is released and the temperature of the reaction mixture increases.


Mg(s) + O2(g) 2MgO(s) + Heat energy


Formation of precipitate




Sometimes, a chemical reaction produces an insoluble solid as one of the products. The solid settles down at the bottom of the reaction vessel or remains suspended in the liquid. This solid is called a precipitate. For example, when lead nitrate solution and potassium iodide solution are mixed, a yellow precipitate of lead iodide is formed.


Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2KI(aq) PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)


Change in colour




Sometimes, a chemical reaction produces a product that has a different colour from the reactants. This causes a change in the colour of the reaction mixture. For example, when iron nails are dipped in copper sulphate solution, iron displaces copper from its compound and forms iron sulphate solution, which is green in colour. The colour of the solution changes from blue to green.


CuSO4(aq) + Fe(s) Fe SO4(aq) + Cu(s)


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